Four Lines of Defense

This workshop will cover a wide variety of countermeasures against disinformation that can be undertaken by civil society, media, governments, and private businesses, as well as an overview of the current state of efforts to combat information operations worldwide. The various countermeasures are grouped into Four Lines: documenting of the threat, raising awareness about it, repairing the weaknesses in the information ecosystems, and finally limiting, punishing and deterring of the information aggressors. The presentation will be followed by a discussion with participants.